The change in serum Thiol/Disulphide homeostasis after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this prospective clinical study was to investigate variations in a novel oxidative stress marker (thiol/disulphide homeostasis) in men who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUSB). Materials and Methods A total of 22 men undergoing TRUSB of the prostate were enrolled in the study. Patients with abnormal digital rectal examination and/or total prostate specific antigen (PSA) over 4ng/mL underwent TRUSB with 12 cores. Serum samples were obtained before and just after the procedure to evaluate the possible changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Mean age, total PSA and free PSA, prostate volume and histopathological data were also recorded. Results Mean age of the study population was 65.05±8.89 years. Significant decreases in native and total thiol levels were documented after the biopsy procedure. However, serum disulphide levels and disulphide/native thiol, disulphide/total thiol and native/total thiol ratios did not significantly change after TRUSB. No correlation was observed between oxidative parameters and total PSA and free PSA levels, prostate volume and histopathology of the prostate. However, mean patient age was significantly correlated with mean native and total thiol levels. Conclusion Significant decreases in serum native and total thiol levels related to the prostate biopsy procedure suggest that TRUSB causes acute oxidative stress in the human body. Since our trial is the first in the current literature to investigate these oxidative stress markers in urology practice, additional studies are warranted.

Comparação de levobupivacaína em raquianestesia contínua ou com dose única para cirurgia de ressecção transuretral de próstata / The comparison of levobupivacaine in continuous or single dose spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection of prostate surgery / Comparación de la levobupivacaína en raquianestesia continua ocon dosis única para cirugía de resección transuretral de próstata

Justificativa e objetivo: comparar a eficácia de levobupivacaína na indução de raquianestesia contínua (RAC) versus dose única (Radu) em pacientes programados para ressecção transuretral de próstata (RTUP). Métodos: foram incluídos no estudo 50 pacientes, ≥ 60 anos, ASA I-II ou III. Levobupivacaína a 0,5% (12,5 mg) foi administrada por via intratecal no grupo Radu. No grupo RAC, levobupivacaína a 0,25% (2 mL) foi inicialmente administrada através de cateter espinhal. Para o nível de bloqueio sensorial atingir o dermátomo T10, 1 mL adicional de levobupivacaína a 0,25% foi administrado através do cateter a cada 10 minutos. Os parâmetros hemodinâmicos e as características do bloqueio foram registrados. Amostras de sangue dos pacientes foram coletadas nos períodos pré- e pós-operatórios para determinar os níveis plasmáticos de cortisona e adrenalina. Resultados: a RAC proporcionou melhor estabilidade hemodinâmica em comparação com a Radu, particularmente aos 90 minutos após a administração intratecal. O aumento do nível de bloqueio sensorial foi rápido e o tempo para atingir a anestesia cirúrgica foi menor no grupo Radu. O desenvolvimento do bloqueio motor foi mais rápido no grupo Radu. No grupo RAC, um nível semelhante de anestesia foi obtido com o uso de uma dose mais baixa de levobupivacaína, que foi relacionada à recuperação mais rápida. Embora ambas as técnicas tenham sido eficazes na prevenção da resposta ao estresse cirúrgico, os níveis de cortisona no pós-operatório foram mais suprimidos no grupo Radu. Conclusão: a técnica RAC com levobupivacaína a 0,25% pode ser usada como um método de anestesia regional em pacientes idosos programados para RTUP. .

Background: The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of levobupivacaine induced continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) versus single dose spinal anesthesia (SDSA) in patients who are planned to undergo transurethral prostate resection. Methods: Sixty years or older, ASA I-II or III, 50 patients were included in the study. 12.5 mg 0.5% levobupivacaine were administered intrathecally in SDSA group. In CSA group, initially 2 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine were administered through spinal catheter. In order to achieve sensory block level at T10 dermatome, additional 1 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine were administered through the catheter in every 10 min. Hemodynamic parameters and block characteristics were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative blood samples of the patients were drawn to determine plasma cortisone and plasma epinephrine levels. Results: CSA technique provided better hemodynamic stability compared to SDSA technique particularly 90 min after intrathecal administration. The rise in sensory block level was rapid and the time to reach surgical anesthesia was shorter in SDSA group. Motor block developed faster in SDSA group. In CSA group, similar anesthesia level was achieved by using lower levobupivacaine dose and which was related to faster recovery. Although, both techniques were effective in preventing surgical stress respond, postoperative cortisone levels were suppressed more in SDSA group. Conclusion: CSA technique with 0.25% levobupivacaine can be used as a regional anesthesia method for elderly patients planned to have TUR-P operation. .

Justificación y objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficacia de la levobupivacaína en la inducción de la raquianestesia continua (RAC) versus dosis única (RADU) en pacientes programados para la resección transuretral de próstata. Métodos: cincuenta pacientes, ≥ 60 años de edad, ASA I-II o III, fueron incluidos en el estudio. La levobupivacaína al 0,5% (12,5 mg) se administró vía intratecal en el grupo RADU. En el grupo RAC, la levobupivacaína al 0,25% (2 mL) fue inicialmente administrada a través de un catéter espinal. Para que el nivel de bloqueo sensorial alcanzase el dermatoma T10, se administró 1 mL adicional de levobupivacaína al 0,25% a través del catéter cada 10 min. Los parámetros hemodinámicos y las características del bloqueo fueron registrados. Las muestras de sangre de los pacientes fueron extraídas en los períodos pre y postoperatorios para determinar los niveles plasmáticos de cortisona y adrenalina. Resultados: la técnica RAC proporcionó una mejor estabilidad hemodinámica en comparación con la técnica RADU, particularmente a los 90 min después de la administración intratecal. El aumento del nivel de bloqueo sensorial fue rápido y el tiempo para alcanzar la anestesia quirúrgica fue menor en el grupo RADU. El desarrollo del bloqueo motor fue más rápido en el grupo RADU. En el grupo RAC, un nivel parecido de anestesia se obtuvo con una dosis más baja de levobupivacaína que fue relacionada con la recuperación más rápida. Aunque ambas técnicas hayan sido eficaces en la prevención de la respuesta al estrés quirúrgico, los niveles de cortisona en el postoperatorio fueron mejor suprimidos en el grupo RADU. .

Pathological staging of muscle invasive bladder cancer: is substaging of pT2 tumors really necessary?

OBJECTIVE: Compare clinical outcomes in patients having urothelial tumors invading less than one half of the depth of bladder muscle and greater than one half of bladder muscle and, to determine various clinical variables as predictive factors for survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to our inclusion criteria, 57 patients among cases with T2 bladder tumor were selected. Thirty-five patients (61.4 percent) had pT2a (Group-1) and 22 patients (38.6 percent) had pT2b (Group-2) muscle invasive tumors. Mean follow up time was 7.3 years for Group-1, and 6.1 years for Group-2. Multivariate analysis was performed in order to identify possible correlation of clinical variables like age, gender, grade of primary tumor, appearance of local and/ or distant metastasis with patient outcome. RESULTS: Five year recurrence-free and overall survival rates were 69.1 percent and 44.3 percent for patients with pT2a tumor, whereas these ratios were 66.1 percent and 43 percent, respectively for patients with pT2b tumor (p = 0.896; p = 0.975). Mean overall and progression-free survival times were 87.7 ± 13.8 and 116 ± 13.12 months for Group-1, while they were 73.8 ± 13.7 and 88.85 ± 12.55 months for Group-2, respectively. On both univariate and multivariate analysis, age was noticed as an independent predictive factor for survival. CONCLUSIONS: The depth of muscle invasion in bladder tumors has no prognostic significance. Recurrence of the disease either locally or at distant sites dramatically shortens patients' life. Being older than 60 years old during the time of radical surgery, is also a bad prognostic factor for overall and progression-free survival.